Method and apparatus for welding



2%. 5, 1192420 R,4s2;sw W. PJSHHPMAN METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WELDINGFiled A ril 23. 1921 VIITiFFIIII IIIIIIIIIZI! iii ill!!! Q INVENTOH.

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patented Feb. 5, lh d.

I dhhi? tasters arena 'WJILLILAIM P. SHIPMAN, F PITTSBURGH,PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T9 BLAW-KNOX @GMPANY, 0F PITTSBURGH,PENNSYLVANIA, A COBPORATIUN 0F NEW JERSEY.

METHQD AND APPARATUS FOR WELDING.

Application filed April 23, 1921. Serial ilo. 463,918.

welding To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM P. SHIPMAN, residin at "Pittsburgh,Allegheny County, Pennsy Vania, have invented a new and use- Figure 4'shows the same after being welded;

Figure 5 shows a side lugs 111 place; and

elevation with the the ing, which has also been heated, has

5 ful Improvement in Methods and Appara- Figure 6 shows a modificationof the ap- 60 tus for Welding, of which the following is paratus forproducing the weld.

a full, clear, and exact descri tion. My method will be understood by ade- My invention relates to met 0d and appascri tion thereof as appliedto the welding ratus for welding and is particularl apof lifting lugs toannealing boxes but I de- 10 plicable to hammer welding alth'oug notsire it to be understood that in this descripo5 llmlted thereto. tion Irefer to the particular elements as The invention has ben found to beparillustrative only and not in a limiting sense. ticularly useful inwelding lifting lugs, for as there are many uses to which my methodinstance, to annealing boxes and other artimay be applied and in whichthe principles cles of that kind. of the method and the apparatus maybe70 An object of this invention is to proemployed although the apparatusand the vide a means and method for welding mem articles to which themethod is applied ma bers together, at least one of which has a varyreatly. weakened portion which would normally In he illustrated case ofwelding lugs to be subjected to the welding pressure proannealing boxes,it is of considerable im- 75 ducing means and which would be injuredportance that an efilcient or perfect weld be by such means, or wouldnot efiiciently made, as the welded joint is subjected to transmit thewelding pressure to the joint. comparatively heavy strains. Therefore,My method and apparatus as hereinafter the lugs have a flared orenlarged end for described, overcome this difficulty in a simcontactingwith the box at the weld. The so ple and efficient way. 4 methodconsists in heating the lug and the In welding articles such as liftinglugs on box in the region of the weld to the deannealing boxes or othersimilar'structures, sired temperature by any suitable means. it wasfound that if these lugs were subject- The lug is then placed in contactwith the ed to the welding pressure as applied in the box. The box,being usually "of relatively as ordinary manner, the weld was not asstrong thin sheet metal, is supported opposite the as necessary, andfurthermore the lugs were lugs. Means are then applied to the lug soconsiderably defaced or deformed, and in. as to protect the outerreduced or relatively many instances rendered useless by the weakenedportion and the welding pressure, as welding pressure. preferablyproduced by a hammer is then 90 By t e method and apparatus hereinafterapplied only at points adjacent the weld. described, these dificultieshave been over- The pressure or hammering is continued come and a goodjoint insured. The workuntil the weld is perfected and during the ingsurfaces of the lugs are shielded or proapplication of the weldingpressure the re- 40 tected and are uninjured during the weldduced orweakened working portion of the as in operation. lug is shielded fromthe pressure producing fihese and other objects will be better unmeansby any suitable device. derstood by reference to the following de- Oneform of apparatus for carrying out scription taken in connection withthe acthe above process is shown in the drawings companying drawingswhich illustrate one and will now be described ma embodiment of myinvention, and means The box 1 may be of any suitable size or forcarrying out the same and in which: shape and the article to weldedthereto is Figure 1 is a 'lan view of a structure havillustrated as alug having an enlarged or ing a lug wel ed thereon by my method; flaredportion 2 and a relatively reduced and portion 3. The box is heated bythe heatits Fi ure 2 is a cross sectional view of an ing device 4:. Anyother heating device may artic e showin also the apparatus for probeused. ducing the weld; lleferrin to F1gure 2, after box has Figure 3shows a lug in place rmdy for been heate in the region of the weld, andno the shop as a dolly. This dolly has a substantially fiat upperportion which receives the wel ing pressure from the hammer S operatedin the ordinary manner from apneumatic cylinder 9.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the welding pressure isapplied to the lug only at points adjacent the weld, or in other words,to the flared portion 2, and that the reduced portion 3 is shielded orprotected by the dolly from the effect of the welding pressure. Thisinsures that the working surface will not be deformed. Furthermore sincethe strength of the dolly is much greater than that of the portion 3, amore efficient transmission of the welding pressure will be secured, andthe welding pressure therefore will be more directly applied to the weldthan if such pressure were transmitted through the weakened portion 3.The dolly therefore serves the double function of protecting the workingportion 3 and of more efiiciently transmitting the welding pressure. Ittherefore results in a superior finished article having a better andstronger weld. in fact, the weld is so perfect that as shown in Figure 4the lug is substantially inte al with the member 1 to which it is weled.

In Fi re 6 I have illustrated a modified form oit apparatus fortransmitting the welding pressure to the joint. In Figure 2 a dolly isinterposed between the hammer and the joint. In Figure 6 the hammer 14),as shown in partial section, is provided with an opening 1 into whichthe portion 3 of the lugs ext nds and the welding pressure from thehammer is therefore applied directly to the portion 2 of the lug by thehammer instead of through a dolly as in Figure 2.

The arrangement of Figure 2, however, is preferred inasmuch as the dollywith its handle 7 afiords means for holding the lug in place until theweld is begun. Furthermore the arrangement of Figure 2 does not requireas accurate centering of the hammer as does the arrangemnt of Figure 6.It will be understood, however, that the device shown in Figure 6 isuseful and operative, although as above stated, it is not the pre ferredform. The hammer 10 is removable from the pneumatically operated pistonso that hammers of other sizes or shapes may be substituted whendesired.

From the foregoing it will be understood that my invention has manyadvanta es. A perfect weld is produced because of t e ethcienttransmission of the welding pressure to the 'oint; the lugs areprotected against the de orming action of the welding pressure while ata welding temperature. The same means which shields the working portionacts also to hold the members in proper welding position to start theweld and the Fe apparatus for carrying out the method is extremelysimple and efiicient in operation.

While I have described my invention with respect to a particulararticle, I wish it to be clearly understood that the principles of mymethod have a wide field of application and in fact it is applicable anduseful in any instance where it is desired to protect a portion of themembers being welded from the welding pressure producing means or wherethe parts would normally be required to transmit the welding pressureeven though not of sufficient mechanical strength to e ciently do so.

Other and further advantages and uses of my invention will beappreciated without the necessity of setting forth the same specificallyherein.

I claim:

1. In the method of welding metal mem bers together while heatedand inwelding position, the step consisting in interposing a third memberbetween the welding pressure producing means and the point of weld totransmit the welding pressure approximately to the point of weld and ata point intermediate the length of one of the members in the directionof welding pressure, substantially as described.

2. The method of hammer-welding a memher to a relatively thin sheet,which consists in heating the member and the sheet in the region of theweld, placing the members together, supporting the sheet opposite theweld, interposing a rigid third member on no the first member betweenthe welding hammer and the joint for transmitting welding pressure tosaid member through less than its dimension in a direction at rightangles to the plane of the weld, and hammering the third member,substantially as described.

3. The method of welding a lug having a. flared head to a sheet whichconsists in heating the lug and the sheet in the region of the weld,placing said lug and sheet together, placing a rigid third member overthe hi and in engagement with the flared. head thereof, and hammeringthe third member, substantially as described.

a. The method of hammer-welding to a metal member a member having anouter working surface which would normally be subjected to the hammerblows, and injured thereby during the weld, which consists in heatingthe members, initerpos a I; 1%

nesaeis memberto shield the working surface from the hammer and transmitthe blows to the joint through less than the dimension of the firstmember in the direction of welding pressure and hammering said thirdmember, substantially as described.

5. The method of hammer-welding to a metal member lifting lugs having arelatively weakened outer portion which would be normallysubject to thehammer blows and unable when hot to transmit the hammer blows to effecta weld without injury to said weakened portion, heating the members,interposing a third member for protecting said weakened portion andadapted to receive and transmit said hammer blows to points aproximately at the joint, and hammering t e third member, substantiallyas described.

6. In a method of welding requiring pressure between the members beingwelded, the step of 'utilizing a third member to apply the Weldingpressure approximatelyat the joint through less than the dimension ofone of the members in the direction of the weldin pressure,substantially as described.

A method of welding a member having a relatively weak portion whichconsists in interposing a third member between the pressure producingmeans and the weld for protecting said weak portion and transmittingsaid pressure to ensure a good weld, substantially as described.

8. The method of welding which consists in heating the members to bewelded, placing said members in contact with each other, in-

terposing means intermediate the outer portion of at least one of saidmembers and the point of weld and applying welding pressure to saidmeans to effect a weld, substantially as described.

9. The method of welding to a metal member a lug having an enlargedcontact surface with said member and a relatively weak outer workingportion, consisting in heating said lug and member and applying weldingpressure to the enlarged portion only of.

the lug.

10. In a method of welding, the step which consists in shielding fromdeforming pressure a portion of one of the members being welded, whichportion lies between the plane of the weld and the immediate source ofapplied welding pressure, substantially as described.

11' In the method of welding, the step consisting in applying thewelding pressure through less than the entire thickness at the weld ofat least one of the members being welded, substantially as described.

12. An implement for use in welding process comprising a handle andmeans for sur pressure, substantially as described.

13. Apparatus for welding members having portions normally subject toinjury from welding pressure producing means, comprising pressureproducin means, and means interposed between sai last means and thejoint for shielding said portions and efiiciently transmitting saidpressure to the joint through less than the entire dimension of one ofthe members in the direction of weldin pressure, substantially asdescribed.

14. ammer welding apparatus comprising a hammer, means supporting themembers to be welded, and a third member adapted to be interposedbetween said hammer and the joint to apply the blows of said hammer topoints adjacent said joint through less than the entire dimension of oneof the members in the direction of welding pressure, substantially asdescribed.

15. In welding apparatus, pressure producing means, and means betweensaid ressure means and the members being we ded for relieving thatportion of the members being welded which extends between the joint andthe pressure producing means from the efiect of said pressure producingmeans,

. substantially as described.

16. The method of welding the end of a member to a second member whichconsists in heating the parts to be welded and-shielding from thepressure producing means all of that part of the first member exce t theart at and near the joint, substantia ly as escribed. g

17 In the method of welding a member to a surface, the step consistingin applying the welding pressure to said member at a point intermediateitsends in the line of pressure, substantially as described.

18. In the method of welding a member to a surface, the step consistingin applying the welding pressure to said member at a point spaced fromsaid surface less than the dimension of said member in the line ofpressure, substantially as described.

19. In the method of welding a member to a surface, the steps consistingin protecting a portion of said member against deformation and applyingweldin pressure to another portion of said mem er while so protected,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

WILLIAM F. SHIPMAN.

